# jax.numpy.product¶

jax.numpy.product(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=None, initial=None, where=None)

Return the product of array elements over a given axis.

LAX-backend implementation of prod(). Original docstring below.

Parameters
• a (array_like) – Input data.

• axis (None or int or tuple of ints, optional) – Axis or axes along which a product is performed. The default, axis=None, will calculate the product of all the elements in the input array. If axis is negative it counts from the last to the first axis.

• dtype (dtype, optional) – The type of the returned array, as well as of the accumulator in which the elements are multiplied. The dtype of a is used by default unless a has an integer dtype of less precision than the default platform integer. In that case, if a is signed then the platform integer is used while if a is unsigned then an unsigned integer of the same precision as the platform integer is used.

• out (ndarray, optional) – Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must have the same shape as the expected output, but the type of the output values will be cast if necessary.

• keepdims (bool, optional) – If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the result will broadcast correctly against the input array.

• initial (scalar, optional) – The starting value for this product. See ~numpy.ufunc.reduce for details.

• where (array_like of bool, optional) – Elements to include in the product. See ~numpy.ufunc.reduce for details.

Returns

product_along_axis – An array shaped as a but with the specified axis removed. Returns a reference to out if specified.

Return type

ndarray, see dtype parameter above.

ndarray.prod()

equivalent method

ufuncs-output-type()

Notes

Arithmetic is modular when using integer types, and no error is raised on overflow. That means that, on a 32-bit platform:

>>> x = np.array([536870910, 536870910, 536870910, 536870910])
>>> np.prod(x)
16 # may vary


The product of an empty array is the neutral element 1:

>>> np.prod([])
1.0


Examples

By default, calculate the product of all elements:

>>> np.prod([1.,2.])
2.0


Even when the input array is two-dimensional:

>>> np.prod([[1.,2.],[3.,4.]])
24.0


But we can also specify the axis over which to multiply:

>>> np.prod([[1.,2.],[3.,4.]], axis=1)
array([  2.,  12.])


Or select specific elements to include:

>>> np.prod([1., np.nan, 3.], where=[True, False, True])
3.0


If the type of x is unsigned, then the output type is the unsigned platform integer:

>>> x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.uint8)
>>> np.prod(x).dtype == np.uint
True


If x is of a signed integer type, then the output type is the default platform integer:

>>> x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.int8)
>>> np.prod(x).dtype == int
True


You can also start the product with a value other than one:

>>> np.prod([1, 2], initial=5)
10